In conditions of full-scale war, military helmets have become an indispensable attribute not only for Ukrainian Armed Forces soldiers, but also for volunteers, medics, and even civilians in areas close to the front line. Therefore, it is important to understand the features of this piece of protective equipment.
What is the purpose of a military helmet?
The main purpose of a military (ballistic) helmet is to protect against ammunition, debris, concrete, glass, and stones. Of course, it can also protect the wearer from physical impacts, such as falls, but such cases are much rarer.
Does a ballistic helmet stop bullets?
This is probably the most common question asked by people who have not encountered this type of equipment before and expect the helmet to provide the same level of protection as armor plates. However, if there were helmets with at least a level 4 protection rating according to DSTU (State Standard of Ukraine), they would weigh so much that they could injure the cervical spine with their weight alone, and if hit by any bullet fired from an army weapon, even if such a helmet did not get pierced, the kinetic energy of the bullet would still break the user’s cervical vertebrae.
Based on this, the only bullets that a ballistic helmet can withstand are those that meet Class 1 of the DSTU or IIIa according to the American NIJ standard, which are pistol bullets. This is necessary for certification, because in real life, even a pistol bullet can seriously injure a person wearing a helmet. However, given the fact that on the front line or near it, the probability of being hit by a pistol bullet is somewhere around the level of statistical error, everyone understands that compliance with DSTU Class 1 is more about passing certification, and in reality, attention should be paid to V50 in accordance with Stanag 2920.
The V50 indicator is calculated according to the velocity of a 1.1 g fragment simulator, which has a 50% probability of penetrating the test sample. V50 is the average speed for six shots, consisting of the three lowest speeds for complete penetration and the three highest speeds for partial penetration, provided that the difference between these speeds does not exceed 40 meters/second.
This parameter gives an understanding of how resistant the helmet is to debris. In modern warfare, an entry-level helmet must have at least 550 m/s V50, while high-quality helmets will have 650+ m/s.
Types of military helmets
Today, the most common types of military helmets are:
PASGT (Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops) helmet – has a classic design that can often be seen in old military films. It is heavier and less versatile than newer models, but is usually cheaper.
MICH (Modular Integrated Communication Helmet) or ACH (Advanced Combat Helmet) helmets are improvements on the PASGT in terms of weight and the ability to use communication equipment.
The FAST (Future Assault Shell Technology) helmet is the newest of the three. It has a distinctive high cut and does not cover the ears. This helmet offers the most customization options, such as mounts for night vision goggles/other accessories.
TOR-D-VN improved ballistic helmet
What is a ballistic helmet made of?
The primary material used to manufacture ballistic helmets is aramid fibre (Kevlar); it offers high protection against fragments. Less commonly, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used, or a combination of UHMWPE and aramid fabric.
Cushioning pads are also used in helmets. Their purpose is to serve as a damper and make prolonged wear more comfortable. For a better fit, manufacturers often use the BOA system, which allows the helmet to be adjusted very precisely to the wearer’s parameters using a rotary mechanism. Another element of the helmet may be a mounting system to which attachments can be attached.
On the outer surface of the helmet shell, manufacturers may apply a waterproof and flame-resistant coating, as well as an anti-glare finish.
How to properly fit a ballistic helmet?
A properly adjusted helmet is important not only for comfort but also for safety. First, adjust the inner lining so that it fits snugly against your head. Make sure there are no pressure points that could cause discomfort during prolonged wear.
When putting on the helmet, make sure the chin strap is adjusted correctly. There should be no more than two fingers between the strap and your chin.
Check out the mounting options for any additional equipment you will be using. Communication devices, night vision goggles, or headphones can be mounted on the helmet. Most modern helmets come with mounting systems for such accessories.
Features of ballistic helmet maintenance
Maintaining your helmet is just as important as initially adjusting it to your size.
To clean your helmet, use soap and water. It is highly recommended to avoid harsh chemicals that can damage the helmet’s coating and ballistic materials. It is recommended to use a soft cloth to remove dirt without scratching the surface.
Another condition for storing a helmet is the presence of a protective cover, since under the influence of ultraviolet light, its protective material can degrade and, as a result, reduce the protective properties of the helmet.
